A waveplate is an optical device that introduces an additional optical path difference (or phase difference) between two mutually perpendicular vibrations of light. It is typically made of birefringent wafers such as quartz, calcite, or mica with precisely controlled thickness, and its optical axis is parallel to the wafer surface. When linearly polarized light is incident normally on the wafer with its vibration direction at an angle θ (θ ≠ 0°) to the optical axis, the incident vibration is decomposed into two components: ordinary ray (o‑vibration, perpendicular to the optical axis) and extraordinary ray (e‑vibration, parallel to the optical axis), corresponding to the o‑ray and e‑ray in the wafer (see birefringence).
| Project | Performance Parameters |
| Material | SiO₂, MgF₂ |
| Specifications | D4–D120 mm (clear aperture customizable) |
| Type | Low-order, Multi-order, Zero-order, True Zero-order, Achromatic |
| Bonding Method | Cemented, Optical contact, Air gap, Enhanced optical contact |
| Surface Quality | 20-10 |
| Parallelism | <3″ |
| Clear Aperture | >90% |
| Retardation Tolerance | λ/500 |
| Mount | Hard aluminum / black anodized (customizable) |
| Coating | 235 nm–2300 nm, damage threshold 15 J/cm², 10 ns, 10 Hz @1064 nm |